Description
Recommendation AFTES GT4R6A2 – Review of developments in TBMs and their capabilities over the period 2000-2019.
CONTENTS :
Foreword
1 Methodology
2 Initial observations: Machine types, diameters, etc
2.1 Distribution of TBM types by year
2.2 Is there a limit to the size of TBMs?
3 Technological developments in closed-mode TBMs
3.1 Slurry pressure shields
3.2 Earth pressure balance (EPB) shields
3.3 Multimode shields
3.4 Developments and comparison of the capabilities of slurry and EPB TBMs
4 Developments in Open-Mode TBMs
4.1 Hard-Rock TBM with Grippers
4.2 Single Shield TBMs
4.3 Double-shield TBMs.
4.4 Common evolutions of hard rock TBMs .
5 Other development areas, innovation topics and trends
5.1 Forward probing
5.2 Annular space backgrouting methods
5.3 Use of and expertise in new tools and equipment
5.4 Accessibility, Safety and Ergonomics
5.5 Other TBMs
5.6 Innovation, research and development
6 Observations and Next Steps for WG4
7 Bibliography
8 Appendixes
APPENDIX 1: List of projects in the WG4 database
APPENDIX 2: Example completed standard record sheet for the WG4 database
APPENDIX 3: Charts from the WG4 database and functional diagrams.
